Our Newest Gardening Adventure: Building a California Garden

I’m excited to report that two months ago, we moved from our apartment in the Lodge complex to a house where we have been given carte blanche by the landlord to create a garden after he saw our patio garden and this blog.  I am realizing my dream of building one more beautiful garden with my husband.  While we are currently renting this home, it’s our plan to eventually purchase it, but even if we don’t, our legacy will be a stunning display of color and beauty.

Currently, we have something of a blank slate with a few dead/dying plants in the back and a porch, an as yet unidentified medium sized tree, and some perennials in the front.  As we did in Massachusetts, we are going about this thoughtfully to be able to enjoy garden color throughout the extended season.

We started by planting some … you guessed it! … roses.  We planted a newly acquired Veteran’s Honor in front of the front porch as our tribute to the soldiers we lost in the Blackhawk crash as well as the many soldiers we adopted through Soldiers Angels while they were deployed.  We also are planting our Strawberry Hill, which has resided in a pot for a couple of years now,  against one of the posts on our front porch as well.  While not a true climber, (it’s a David Austin shrub rose), Strawberry Hill has very long canes and can be grown as a short climber.  We are going to train it up the post but keep it pruned to just below the roof line of the porch.  We also put a planter on a small plant stand and our fountain and fern on the front porch.  With a wreath on the door, it looks welcoming and homey.

The white camellia is currently blooming and we set it temporarily next to the front door in its pot but it will also be going into the ground in the backyard once the blooming season is over.

Also still in pots in the back are Sugar Moon, a gorgeous pure white climber. some perennials, and our lemon and key lime trees.  The lemon tree is sporting three luscious lemons ready for harvest and new blooms and new baby lemons and the key lime also has some limes growing.

The garden came with what looked to be a dead citrus tree of unknown variety and we were surprised to discover that it's now leafing out and blooming.  It has the largest, sharpest spines of all of our citrus trees and we are wondering if perhaps it might be a grapefruit tree.  

Hopefully, we'll have some fruit on it this year that can help identify it.  

The spines on this little tree are enormous.  If they are reflective of the size of the fruit, we are wondering if we are dealing with a grapefruit tree.

Our first major project has been to plant some grapes.  Yes, surprise!  It’s been the standing joke that we moved to wine country to plant roses, not grapes.  And what do we do?  We plant grapes!  No, the wine bug did not bite us.  These will be used strictly as table grapes.

Shortly before we moved to the house, the spring newsletter arrived from our local garden center, Mid City Nursery, with the news that they had a limited number of muscat grapevines for sale.  We couldn’t get there fast enough. If you’ve never tasted a muscat grape (the grapes that are used to make moscato wine) you simply must.  The season for muscat grapes is short and here in California, we can find them at the end of the summer in Whole Foods. They are simply the sweetest, juiciest, most flavorful grapes we’ve ever tasted. We had the staff at Mid City help us choose the best looking vines and then they potted the six of them up into a 5 gallon pot and stored them for us until we moved and could plant them. (Just one of the many reasons they are our favorite garden center.)

We have no large shade trees on the property but there is a very large pergola over the patio off the kitchen. It covers almost the entire patio and has 6 large posts supporting it.  We initially thought about climbing roses and jasmine, but deadheading roses and pruning them would be a huge challenge, not that pruning the grapes and keeping them manageable isn’t going to be challenge enough.  But the idea of our own ready supply of muscat grapes was an opportunity we couldn’t pass up and once the pergola is covered with vines, it should be a wonderful shady place to sit and relax. Our biggest concern at this point is having to share a limited harvest with the birds!

We acquired some wine barrels from a gentleman in town who works at a local winery. He purchases their discarded wine barrels and turns them into planters.  He plugs the bung holes, cuts them to the desired height, and drills drainage holes in the bottom.  We had him cut just the top off and leave them tall as we needed to find the largest planters we could find to sustain the grapes in adulthood.  We got one barrel to place next to each post and last month, with the help of our housekeeper’s husband Tony, Steve planted the grapes.  Already they are leafing out and have started their trek skyward.

Because they are in containers and require a consistent supply of water to thrive, we installed an irrigation system tthat can be set to run on a timer a couple of times a week or however often we need during the dry summer months.

Some of our other upcoming projects include raised beds for vegetables, herbs, and possibly some strawberries; planting the remaining potted trees and roses (and some more roses, especially) in the ground along the fence; and filling our empty patio pots with seasonal annuals to provide pops of color on the patio.

One of the things that recently arrived with our furniture from Massachusetts is a beautiful vintage style conservatory planter that I used to plant with mini green leafy plants and African violets.  Here in California I plan to fill it with succulents to bring garden color indoors as well. I have several of Debra Lee Baldwin’s wonderful books on succulents and hope to find some interesting minis at our garden center.

Just before we moved here, we had turned an old fountain into the most amazing succulent planter with the few hardy succulents that survived harsh New England winters. Here, we have so many interesting varieties available to us and I am excited about the prospect of choosing some interesting ones and planting them in this conservatory.

Be sure to sign up to follow our progress in the garden over the spring and summer!  We’ll also be sharing some gardening and cultivation tips for chemical free gardening over the next few months.

Stop and Smell the Roses

This past Saturday, Steve and I "worked" at The Friends of Vintage Roses booth at Sebastopol's "Apple Blossom Festival. There, we encouraged people passing by our booth to come in and "stop and smell the roses." 

 

In our little corner of the festival they could experience a wide range of heady, intense perfumes, the likes of which you seldom see in a modern rose garden, roses whose fragrance ranged from the traditional tea rose, to spice, to one rose that smells for all the world like grapefruit.

One of the main goals of the day was to entice people who love roses to join us as volunteers on our "Dirt Days", the twice monthly work days when dedicated volunteers get together to nurture, feed, weed, and tend one of the most important and extensive collections of old garden roses in the world. Our other focus was simply to re-introduce people to these wonderful roses, to share our enthusiasm for growing them, and to inspire others to do the same.

 

People looked at us quizzically, sometimes skeptically, certain we were "selling something".  We weren't. Well, not really.  Mostly, we were introducing people to the collection of old garden roses by letting them experience the fragrance of over fifty of the many thousands of different heirloom roses maintained by The Friends. Once we were enable to get them to come into our booth, we enjoyed their reaction.  The fragrance of the beautiful roses seemed to visibly lift spirits, infuse energy, and spark reminiscing of the gardens of their youth.  

 

Some of our volunteers had taken the time to create fact filled posters about the collection and the history of old garden roses.  We had copies of our newsletter to share, and during the time that I was there, several enthusiastic visitors voiced the intention of joining us for Dirt Days.  I sincerely hope they do.  The opportunity to work with such historically important specimens and alongside some of the most experienced and knowledgeable rosarians in the world is a rare gift in and of itself.  

 

I tended to be rather brash at times as I stood at the entrance to the booth and called like a carnival barker, urging people passing by to "come and smell the roses."  One man, a stoutly built, muscular gent sporting more ink on his body than I have in my art studio at first rebuffed my invitation.  

 

Undaunted, I stood in front of him with my walker and oxygen tank and told him that anyone who had that many tattoos of roses on his body simply had to stop and smell the roses.  

 

Amazingly, he followed me into our booth and then, as he sniffed every single one of the display roses, he told me that many of his tattoos were in honor of his grandmother who had raised him.  He told me, "She had roses in her yard that smelled just like this!"  He got a little choked up and I confess, I shed a tear or two watching this biker type with a studded dog collar wrist band gingerly lifting the bud vases to smell the roses.

 

Another of my favorite visitors to the booth were two young boys who were perhaps middle school aged.  They came together and told us somewhat shyly that they heard that "it smelled really good" in our booth.  

 

They lingered over many of the roses, fascinated by the variety of fragrances and asking thoughtful questions about the roses.   One of the boys commented that some of the roses smelled like soap and he asked how the rose fragrance got into the soap. 

 

I explained about French milled soaps scented by actual rose petals and one of the other volunteers explained how the rose petals were crushed to release the essential oils and then the oils were put into the soap.

Our tour of duty was a short three hours but I totally enjoyed myself and it was over all too soon. Even those visitors who were less enthusiastic about stopping in all left with a smile. How can anyone be unhappy around such beautiful flowers?

 

If you missed this event, there is another opportunity coming up in May.  The Friends will be providing a generous sampling of blooms for a similar display sponsored by the Heritage Rose Society at A Celebration of Old Garden Roses  which will be held May 15th from 11:00 AM to 3:30 PM at the El Cerrito Community Center, 7007 Moeser Lane, El Cerrito, CA 94530. 

And if you'd like to join us for "Dirt Days", you can find information about volunteer opportunities and membership The Friends on our website.

RAIN + SPRING = SNAILS

A brown garden snail on one of our rose shrubs.

Snails have become my nemesis. As cute as they are on cards and tchotchkes, they are not so cute when they are eating our roses and the flowers in our window boxes.

Much as I love gardening in the Mediterranean climate of the Napa Valley, I have traded the slugs and aphids of New England for snails and... more aphids.  

Everything might be bigger in Texas but I think California must hold some kind of record for the biggest and most plentiful aphids. But I digress.

Cornu aspersa (formerly Helix aspersa), is a major pest.  Since each snail has the capacity to reproduce and can produce as many as 500 eggs over the course of a single breeding year, it doesn't take much for the snail population to explode if no one is watching.

The flower petals were apparently much tastier than the leaves.

Land snails, or to be more exact, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs, can denude the gorgeous blossoms of a beautiful primrose overnight.  Here in California, the brown garden snail is the most commonly seen snail and a major problem for nurseries and gardeners alike. 

I was excited to plant this primrose in one f our window boxes.  I had seen it in full bloom at the nursery and it was a beautiful blend of yellow, apricot, and rose.

When we first moved here, the problem in our complex was so severe, the landscape company sprayed the grounds for snails and fleas (another major insect pest in this climate).  The spraying was quite successful in that the flea problem was controlled and the snails were reined in to a manageable number. 

Unfortunately, the spray they used contained permethrins, ordinarily a relatively safe insecticide, but one known to cause health problems for Cavalier King Charles Spaniels. Yep, ours all became ill -- they apparently absorbed the chemical through their paws when they walked on the grass. Nearly three months of persistent diarrhea and occasional vomiting ensued. We got to know our wonderful vets really, really well.

Garden snail moving along the sidewalk near our apartment in the rain.

Snails come out when it rains. They need the moisture to move and to be able to search for food. When it's dry, they camp out in their shells; when it's damp out -- when the dew is thick after an overnight fog, or during and just after a rain -- they come out in force.

They litter the sidewalks and the entry to the grotto that our apartment opens into. They climb the walls, the shrubs, and the trees.

They get onto our patio and climb up the pots and into the plants. Our wonderful garden is the snail equivalent of an all-you-can-eat buffet.

Snail climbing the stucco wall in search of food.

Our best methods of snail control include dusting the area with diatomaceous earth which kills them mechanically by slicing their soft undersides to microscopic ribbons as they crawl over it, and manually picking them off the plants and pots and drowning them in a jar of soapy water.

Fortunately, Steve doesn't mind picking them off because I hate touching the slimy little creatures. I dust both the plants (since DE is also helpful in controlling aphids) and the ground around our patio and when I see a lot of them in the shrubbery, near our apartment, I give the shrubs a dusting as well.

Winter and now spring, with all of the rain, has been very snail friendly.  I am looking forward to the dry season when the snails will be less active. 

For now, every rain, no matter how minimal brings these molluscs out in droves and they do the two things that snails do best:  eat, and then breed and make more snails.

The dense fog we get overnight provides just enough moisture to entice them out to feed, so we need to check carefully on those cool, damp mornings. But once the sun comes out, they tend to withdraw into their shells and hide out until it's wet out again. We check the pots carefully and and collect them into a trash bag and dispose of them with the garbage.

Snails on the walkway approaching our apartment during a light rain this evening.

Snails moving along the walkway and grotto into our building, and climbing the stuccoed walls of the apartment.

Snails on the wet walkways in search of food.

A brown garden snail moving from the grassy area across the sidewalk.

Snails gathering in the grass outside of our apartment.

Springtime Patio in Bloom - Water-Wise and Full of Color

Our patio is looking ever so beautiful this spring.  We added pots of bulbs and perennials that are also blooming, and a gorgeous white camellia.  Yes the  camellia "sheds" and I find myself cleaning the spent petals daily, but I consider that a small price to pay for the beauty of this long-blooming, gorgeous tree. 

Our camellia has a full peony type bloom with ruffled petals and bright yellow stamens that peek out through the petals. 

Added to the apricot tree and Meyer lemon, we have the beginnings of a small forest on our tiny patio.

The perennials we've added include a couple of  hellebores (Lenten roses) and a pot of heuchera  (coral bells), two of my favorites from New England.  I loved them in our cottage garden in Massachusetts and hadn't thought they could be grown in pots.

We also added some hydrangeas.  In Massachusetts, we had a hydrangea tree growing in our deck garden and large shrubs in the butterfly garden.  Once these florist specimens stop blooming, I plan to re-pot them together in a larger pot to allow them to grow so hopefully they will continue to bloom year after year.

I had seen some beautiful hellebores at Mid-City Nursery when we were buying the annuals for our window boxes.  I passed them over with regret.  They are one of my favorite spring flowers but I didn't have a garden in which to plant any.  It was Tovah Martin at Plantswise  who suggested that I should try growing them in pots and grow them as houseplants.  So, back to Mid-City we went where the one I really wanted was sold out but a deep purple and green and this white with deep mauve were still available.  Next to them was -- guess what -- a pot of heucheras and those came home with us as well.

Emboldened, I looked for some of the other perennials that I sorely missed and created this gorgeous pot of bright blue delphinium to which I added pops of bright yellow in the form of primula (primrose).  When the yellow calabrachoa are available, I'll be adding those in as well.  That blue and yellow combination has always been a favorite in my garden.

Bright yellow primula make a wonderful contrast for the blue delphinium.  Against the wall, a purple and green hydrangea blooms cheerfully next to the Meyer lemon tree.  Apple mint and spearmint share the large pot that holds the tree.

There are many things to love about container gardens.  They are neat, require little to no weeding, and you can move and rearrange them at will.  They also provide the benefits and the beauty of a flower garden in a very small space.  For us, living in an apartment with a patio, this has been a wonderful way to be able to enjoy fresh herbs, citrus, roses, and cut flowers for the table.

Container gardens need to be watered more frequently but actually use less water, so they have an important place even in a yard where you are xeriscaping or have very limited land for raising plants and vegetables.  Raised beds are an effective way to grow vegetables and maximize the crop yield in a small available space.  While growing in containers and raised beds means watering more often, small frequent waterings use far less water than the deep soaking that the same plants in a large traditional garden bed require.

We water our containers exclusively from water recycled from showers and the kitchen.  I joke that ours is the only kitchen in the complex with a watering can as a permanent fixture in the kitchen.  I keep it near the sink and collect water from rinsing vegetables and dishes and from boiling vegetables and eggs.

When  I'm washing dishes, it takes roughly one gallon of water to clear the pipe of cold water and to get water hot enough for cleaning and that water goes right into my watering can.  I  also keep a 5 gallon bucket in the shower to catch the cold water that runs before the water is warm enough for bathing as well as run off and some of the rinse water from the shower.  Soap doesn't harm plants and is an excellent insecticide, helping to protect against some garden pests.

I've also been known to grab every available bucket and trash can and run outside to capture rainwater during a downpour.  I understand that capturing rainwater is not allowed in some counties and states, so know your local laws regarding this. In Massachusetts we captured rainwater from drain-spouts using rain barrels and watered our garden exclusively using water from the barrels and saved from the kitchen as we do here.

Planting a container is no more difficult than planting a garden.  It's just different.  It requires a little bit of forethought and planning to have the right materials on hand.  In addition to containers, you'll need a good quality potting soil, some peat moss, and compost or composted manure to fill the pots.  Disposable diapers or SoilMoist, small pebbles (they are sold by the bag at places like Home Depot), and regular #4 coffee filters round out the shopping list.

A container garden starts, obviously, with containers.  Some people prefer terra cotta pots, which are thought to hold moisture and keep the plants moist longer.

We have a mix of of terra cotta and plastic, and plastic pots set into decorative ceramic pots.  Honestly, I don't find any difference among all of them in terms of watering needs, but the terra cotta and ceramic pots are very heavy.  Even a large plastic pot is heavy once it's filled with dirt, however, so we put all of our large pots on rolling bases to make them easier to move for both rearranging and cleaning the patio.  This is where paying a little extra for quality pays off.  The bargain store wheeled bases don't hold up to the weight, the pots slide off easily, and the wheels get jammed.

Although it's a time honored tradition to add bits of broken crockery or pebbles into the  bottom of a pot to facilitate drainage, I find that a coffee filter set into the very bottom of the pot, below whatever pebbles or other material is going to be used for that purpose, helps keep dirt from washing out and soiling the patio.

An important aspect of container gardening is to use the right mix of potting material and to feed on a regular basis, since watering containers washes out some of the nutrients and unlike the ground, there isn't an available source of nutrients for the roots to reach for.

Most gardeners have their preferred mix of soil.  For our roses and most of our perennials and bulbs, I use an all-purpose potting mix that has moisture control built in. Adding peat moss or vermiculite keeps the mixture loose, so it doesn't compact and smother the roots.  Mixing the soil 2:1 with compost or composted manure provides extra nutrients and enriches the overall planting mix.  I generally add one part of of peat to four parts of a potting soil-compost mixture for my regular general container gardening soil recipe.

Container gardening really is a place where one size doesn't fit all.  I used a special potting mix designed for acid loving plants when we potted our camellia, and I also used commercial mixes for some of our other succulents and orchids. 

Adding water-absorbing polymers below the root ball holds water and helps to keep the pots adequately moist between waterings. This can be done by using a product such as Soil-Moist or by opening up a baby diaper, and removing and using the water absorbent material it contains.  I find it helpful to wet the diaper then peel away the plastic and set the "stuffing" low in the pot, a few inches below where the plant will set.  It should be moist when you put it into the pot.

I also water the dirt in the bottom of the pot before I place the plant and remainder of the soil.  This is especially important with tall narrow pots.  You need to water the entire pot, otherwise, the bottom will dry out and make it hard for the roots to grow and develop.  But this way, you don't need to drown the roots to get water to the bottom of the pot.  And once it's moist, it's easy to keep it that way.

Once the containers are planted, soaking them well but slowly works best.  When watering the first time, it's easy to either underestimate or to over-water and drown the roots so I water slowly over the course of a few hours, a quart at a time in the large pots.  Honestly, it's a guessing game, but I water until I see a bit of run off into the saucer under the pot and then not again for a week.  Then I make sure to give each large pot at least a gallon of water over the course of each week.

The traveling marker moves from pot to pot as I water.

Watering is easy when you get into a routine.  On a daily basis, after I do the morning dishes, I take the water recycled from the kitchen and showers and start at one end of the garden and work my way around, watering a couple of pots at a time, and marking with a small garden ornament where I left off watering each day. Then, the next day I pick up where I left off.

Feeding pots grown in containers is as important as watering them.  I use specific plant foods formulated for each type of plant to maximize the nutrients in appropriate amounts.  Everything gets fed the same day at the same time.  Otherwise, I lose track and it's easy to overlook some of the pots.  Since it's easy to overfeed, I tend to feed a solution diluted by a third every other week. I mix the fertilizer according to the package directions and then dilute and feed according to package directions.  Then I continue with my regular watering.

We have window boxes edging our patio wall and they are filled with annuals, perennials, an occasional herb, and miniature roses.  Over the course of the seasons we add plants to those that have finished blooming for the season and gone to seed.  Once it gets too hot for the pansies and the ranunculus fade, I'll switch them out with bacopa, calabrachoa, snapdragons, and miniature mums.

One of the things I find the most fun about container gardens is the opportunity to add other plants to the mix for color and variety.  I use every gardening surface for growing herbs and bulbs and colorful annuals and perennials.

Mint and some bulbs grow with the Meyer lemon, and I routinely put summer annuals and extra herbs in with the roses.

Popping up on the right are a pair of Belladona Lily bulbs (Amaryllis belladonna). They should send up shoots of small, medium pink fragrant flowers mid-summer.  And that small little nub poking through at 9 0'clock is a hardy orchid, Bletilla striata, also a summer bloomer.

Herbs share space with a miniature rose.

I have a small Earth box where most of our herbs grow.  Oregano, onion chives, and rosemary are doing well.  I will be adding some thyme to replace the plant that the snails devoured but basil requires a larger space than the box provides.

When it's time to plant it, it goes in the pots with a couple of the roses, and this year may even share space with the camellia.  I can't seem to grow enough of it and I am constantly battling the snails who seem to seek it out and regard it as their personal favorite.

Speaking of snails brings up the issue of garden pests.

Unfortunately, container gardening doesn't eliminate garden pests and in fact, can make the plants somewhat more susceptible, since at least on our patio, they are grown densely and in such close quarters.  Thrips, aphids, and snails and slugs are just as happy munching on container gardens as they are those that grow in a traditional garden.  And the damp weather brings with it the constant threat of powdery mildew.

The rain has brought out a plethora of snails and we are constantly picking them off the plants and pots.  Hopefully, some diatomaceous earth will dramatically reduce their numbers this week.  I find the use of DE to be my most effective all around garden best treatment.  After a single treatment of our roses with a systemic insecticide mixed with rose food in the spring, I rely on natural products from the pantry to treat our entire garden for and protect against garden pests.  In my next post I'll give details and recipes for all natural garden remedies to keep your plants blooming at their best throughout the year.

Now some photos of the blossoms that are currently brightening our patio:

First to bloom this spring were the paperwhites (Narcissus papyraceus).  I planted a large pot of them and the first blooms opened in early February.  The cool winter nights promote a longer bloom time and the blossoms continued until a couple of weeks ago.  Currently, the green leaves are nourishing the bulbs which will be dried and put aside for next winter.

Painted daisies and blue and purple hydrangeas add cheerful pops of color to the spring garden.  Later in the season, pots of coleus and zinnias will do the same.

When I first planted the hyacinth bulbs, I didn't expect them to do much and weeks passed with no sign of them poking through the soil.  I had neglected to stratify them; most spring bulbs require chilling in order to sprout and bloom.  I was pleasantly surprised to see that every one of them eventually sprouted and sent up a flower spike.

The pink ones bloomed first, pale blooms that darkened to a deep mauve. The purple and yellow ones followed.  The fragrance of hydrangeas is one I think of as an "acquired taste".  One friend thought the perfume coming from the patio when the blooms were at peak was dog urine!  Steve and I love the fragrance, though strong, although when the blossoms start to pass, the perfume turns bitter.  I generally clip the aging flowering stems back before I have to so that I can enjoy the fragrance of the new blooms.  I also stagger the planting of the bulbs so that I can enjoy them longer.  Another pot will be ready to bloom just as the last of these are fading.

I was surprised to see one of the pink hyacinths send up a second flower spike from the same bulb.  You can see the fading, darker bloom to the left and a new, pale pink shot on the right, both coming from the center of the bulb. A few of the white bulbs we had in our garden did this, but this is definitely not the norm for hyacinths, which typically send up a single bloom spike per bulb.

The plants in the window boxes are blooming enthusiastically -- white violas and pink miniature roses...

... and primula with cyclamen.  On the patio, the Meyer lemon bloomed almost non-stop all winter.  We only recently harvested the last of this year's crop of lemons.

In another box, begonias and ranunculus bloom together alongside a box of pansies (below).

Some of the other beautiful blooms in our boxes and patio...

Camellia blossoms

White primrose

This primrose has a deep coral bloom with a bright yellow eye

I love the unusual coloration of this beautiful hybrid ranunculus.  Ordinarily, I only see them in solid colors.  At left is a white primrose.

The bright and cheerful yellow primrose are the perfect foil for the blue and white spires of delphinium.

Fairy lights make evenings on the patio magical...

... and show our friends and family where to find us.

Spring in the Valley

Downpour this weekend....  we received almost 2 inches of rain in a day.

After a relatively dry February, March has brought an abundance of rain, torrential at times, and warm, very springlike weather.

Spring has come to the valley.

Winter is the rainy season here and the drab brown hills that are the hallmark of summer and fall are now a lovely verdant green. El nino has indeed brought rain although not in the amounts that we both feared and needed.  Still, by all accounts, we are ahead of the game in terms of average annual totals, the Sierra snow pack remains healthy, and the reservoirs are all boasting near normal to above average levels.  And the rains are still coming.  Whereas things are usually winding down in March in terms of rainfall here in the valley, we are still experiencing above average rain fall -- nearly 5 inches so far this month,  twice the historical average for March and the month is barely half over.

The trees are in bloom, but the surest sign of spring are the meadows covered with the yellow  blooms of the wild mustard.

Steve and I took a ride out Jameson Canyon Road where we saw the most amazing meadows and fields full of wild mustard and other flowers, many of which I was unable to identify. As I was searching through my references, I discovered that "California wild mustard" is not only not a native wildflower, it's considered a highly invasive weed.  Hailing from the Mediterranean, it has found the perfect home with our Mediterranean climate but in fact, it can found everywhere on the continent, from Mexico and Central America all the way to Hudson Bay.

The meadows and hills in Early February.  January rains brought the first signs of spring greening.

By early March, the hills were dusted with fresh green growth.

Mid-March, the hills, trees and meadows are a beautiful, lush green.

Mid-March, the grapes are barely starting to send out leaf buds but the vineyards are full of wildflowers.

Around our apartment, the trees and shrubs are all in bloom.

Although it's found everywhere throughout the valley and is synonymous with spring here in California, Wild Mustard, Sinapis arvensis, is a native of the Mediterranean basin and is an invasive weed throughout much of North America.  An annual that produces an abundance of seeds, the climate is perfect for self-propagation and birds are likely a big reason for its wide-spread distribution. 

Wild mustard, Sinapis arvensis, covering an open field, mid-March.

Wild mustard, spread across the fields as far as the eye can see.

A river of yellow flows through the valley.